The relationship between China and Canada has worsened due to recent events, including the execution of four Canadian citizens in China on drug-related charges, despite diplomatic appeals for clemency. Trade tensions have escalated, with Canada imposing high tariffs on Chinese electric vehicles and steel, prompting China to retaliate with heavy tariffs on Canadian agricultural products. Additionally, allegations of Chinese interference in Canada’s federal elections and intimidation of Canadian politicians have further strained diplomatic ties. These developments highlight ongoing legal, economic, and political disputes, emphasizing the complexities and challenges in China-Canada relations.
Execution of Four Canadians in China
In early 2025, China executed four Canadian citizens convicted on drug-related charges. These individuals held dual
citizenship; however, China does not recognize dual nationality and proceeded with the executions under its stringent anti-drug
laws. Canadian authorities, including Foreign Minister Mélanie Joly and former Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, had appealed for
clemency, emphasizing Canada’s opposition to the dying penalty and its irreversible consequences. Despite these efforts, China
maintained its legal stance, asserting that all defendants are treated equally under the law.
The executions have further strained the already tense relations between the two countries, drawing international attention
to China’s use of capital punishment, particularly concerning foreign nationals. Amnesty International has reported that
China conducts thousands of executions annually, though exact numbers remain undisclosed.
Escalating Trade Tensions
Trade relations between Canada and China have deteriorated, culminating in a series of reciprocal tariffs. In
October 2024, Canada imposed a 100% tariff on Chinese electric vehicles, followed by a 25% tariff on Chinese steel and
aluminum products, citing concerns over market distortion and unfair competition due to Chinese government subsidies.
In response, China announced retaliatory tariffs on Canadian agricultural products, effective March 20, 2025. These measures
include a 100% tariff on Canadian canola oil, canola food, and peas, affecting over $2.6 billion worth of exports. Additionally,
a 25% tariff was imposed on Canadian aquatic products and pork. These actions have placed Canadian farmers in a challenging
position, facing decreased profit margins and increased financial uncertainty.
Allegations of Election Interference
Further complicating bilateral relations are allegations of Chinese interference in Canadian federal elections. Reports suggest
that China try to influence the outcomes of the 2019 and 2021 elections through disinformation campaigns and undisclosed
donations, aiming to support preferred candidates.
In response, Canada launched a public inquiry into foreign interference in
its electoral processes, underscoring the need to protect democratic institutions from external influence.
Diplomatic Strains and Accusations
Diplomatic tensions have been exacerbated by accusations of Chinese intimidation tactics against Canadian politicians.
markedly, Conservative MP Michael Chong’s family was reportedly targeted following his criticism of China’s human rights record.
These incidents have led to increased scrutiny of China’s activities within Canada and calls for stronger measures to safeguard
national sovereignty.
Conclusion
The relationship between China and Canada is currently characterized by significant challenges, with legal disputes, trade conflicts, and allegations of political interference. These developments underscore the complexities of international relations and the importance of diplomatic efforts to address and resolve such issues.